+91-9561854529 editorinchief.ijama@gmail.com submitpaper@ijama.in Contact Form

An Extensive Analysis of Potassium Dinitramide (KDN): Synthesis, Properties and Applications

Author(s):Himanshu Kshirsagar

Affiliation: Aeronautical Department Priyadarshini College of Engineering Nagpur University, India

Page No: 37-48

Volume issue & Publishing Year: Volume 2 Issue 5 ,May-2025

Journal: International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Application.(IJAMA)

ISSN NO: 3048-9350

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17523696

Download PDF

Article Indexing:

Abstract:
This work focuses on the synthesis, properties, and applications of potassium dinitramide (KDN), a critical intermediate in the development of eco-friendly green propellants like ammonium dinitramide (ADN). KDN is a much safer and environmentally friendlier option than traditional propellants such as ammonium perchlorate and hydrazine which have grave safety and environmental concerns. This study notes KDN�s unique thermal expansion anisotropy, greater combustion performance with boron, and higher heat of
combustion with carbon black, which strongly suggest the material�s advanced propulsion systems potential. Several synthesis methods are presented that address the economics of acid concentration, reaction temperature, and neutralization time for maximum yield. It is concluded that KDN considerably enhances propellant stability, combustion efficiency, and environmental performance, thus supporting the green technology advancements in the aerospace and defense industries.

Keywords: Potassium dinitramide (KDN), Synthesis, Ammonium dinitramide (ADN), Ammonium perchlorate, neutralization, defense technology, energetic materials, nitramine oxidizer, green propellent, thermal stability, oxidizer

Reference:

  • Kumar, P. (2019). Advances in phase stabilization techniques of AN using KDN and other chemical
  • compounds for preparing green oxidizers.
  • 2. Hardie, M. J., Martin, A., Pinkerton, A. A., & Zhurova, E. A. (2000). Anisotropic thermal expansion of
  • potassium dinitramide: A variable-temperature crystallographic study. Journal Name, Volume(Issue),
  • pages. (Add missing journal info if available)
  • 3. Kumar, P., Joshi, P. C., & Kumar, R. (2017). Thermal decomposition and kinetics studies of AN, KDN
  • and their mixtures with and without catalysts. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), pages. (Add missing journal
  • info if available)
  • 4. Jang, K., Kim, H., & Jung, E. (2022). Synthesis and characterization of potassium dinitramide (KDN):
  • Reaction conditions and concentration of nitric acid. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), pages. (Add missing
  • journal info if available)
  • 5. Go?ofit, T., Maksimowski, P., & Biernacki, A. (2013). Optimization of potassium dinitramide
  • preparation. Journal Name, Volume(Issue), pages. (Add missing journal info if available)